AUTISM SPECTRUM
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, which means it affects how a person’s brain develops and functions. People with ASD may experience challenges with social communication, behavior, and how they interact with the world around them. It is called a “spectrum” because it includes a wide range of strengths, abilities, and difficulties. Every person with autism is unique.
Core Characteristics
ASD is diagnosed based on two main areas:
Social Communication and Interaction Challenges
Difficulty understanding or using verbal and nonverbal communication (like tone of voice, facial expressions, eye contact, or gestures)
Trouble building or maintaining relationships
May appear socially withdrawn, uninterested in others, or unsure how to engage appropriately
Restricted or Repetitive Behaviors and Interests
Repeating the same movements or words (called “stimming”)
Strong interest in specific topics or routines
Sensitivity to sounds, textures, lights, or other sensory experiences
Difficulty with change or transitions
Diagnosis and Onset
ASD typically appears in early childhood, often before age 3, though it may not be recognized until later. It is usually diagnosed through behavioral evaluations, developmental history, and observations by trained professionals. There is no medical test, like a blood test, to diagnose autism.
Causes
The exact cause of ASD is not fully understood, but research suggests that it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect early brain development. It is not caused by parenting style, vaccines, or personal choices.
Treatment and Support
There is no cure for autism, but early intervention and support services—like speech therapy, occupational therapy, behavioral therapy, and educational support—can help individuals develop important skills and improve quality of life. Treatment plans are tailored to each person’s needs and strengths.
A Spectrum of Strengths
People with ASD may also have unique talents, intense focus, strong memory skills, or creative thinking. Some need significant daily support, while others live independently and succeed in school, work, and relationships. Autism is not an illness to be “fixed,” but a difference in how someone experiences and understands the world.