BIPOLAR DISORDER
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition that affects a person’s mood, energy levels, and ability to function. It causes unusual shifts in mood that range from periods of intense emotional highs (called mania or hypomania) to periods of deep sadness or hopelessness (called depression). These changes are more severe than typical mood swings and can interfere with daily life, relationships, and decision-making.
Types of Bipolar Disorder:
Bipolar I Disorder
Characterized by at least one manic episode lasting at least 7 days, or severe enough to require hospitalization. Depressive episodes usually occur as well, often lasting at least 2 weeks.Bipolar II Disorder
Involves at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode (a milder form of mania). People with Bipolar II do not experience full manic episodes.Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)
A milder form of bipolar disorder, involving chronic mood swings with symptoms of hypomania and depression that do not meet full diagnostic criteria. Symptoms must be present for at least 2 years (or 1 year in children and teens).Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders
These include bipolar-like mood disturbances that do not fit clearly into the categories above but still cause significant distress or impairment.
Severity and Impact
The severity of bipolar disorder can vary widely from person to person. Some people may experience only a few episodes in their lifetime, while others may have frequent and intense mood shifts. Without treatment, bipolar disorder can lead to severe problems in school, work, relationships, and overall quality of life. It is also associated with a higher risk of substance use and suicide.
Treatment typically includes a combination of medication (such as mood stabilizers or antipsychotics), psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and ongoing medical support. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment can significantly improve long-term outcomes.